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... recent systems are multi-tiered and multinational, producing asymmetrical responses by default. In addition to suggesting that asymmetrical solutions are often required, this implies that some degree of ...
... the purpose, among others, of adapting the Spanish law to the EU requirements as regards the protection of the Union’s financial interests. The paper concludes, on the one side, that the PIF Directive ...
In order to understand the true essence of the existing federal structure in India, it is very much required that there should be a proper understanding of the events and circumstance which led to its ...
... which is detrimental to accountability. Reform efforts were made to unbundle competences and to reduce the number of bills which require the Bundesrat’s consent. Due to the dominance of the executives ...
Legislative functions of federal second chambers are not a homogeneous set of powers, but require comparison and classification. First, the paper will examine the legislative functions of the second chambers ...
... European consumer with more realistic features. Here, the case law of the CJEU fulfils a bridging function between the labelling requirements in the Foodstuff Regulation, the transparency requirements ...
... of self-rule and shared rule. It is therefore necessary to find out if federalism is an equivalent of all self-rule – shared rule systems of government or not. This requires an effort to locate the implication ...
Constitutional politics seemingly corroborate the assumption that Germany is a Grand Coalition state. In this perspective German cooperative federalism and the supermajority required for any amendment ...
... to achieve this goal. Strengthening the EMU’s democratic profile is a fundamental requirement for the sustainability of the EMU as much as its completion with a fiscal and economic arm. Yet, according ...
... However, experience of past reviews and the requirement of a unanimous vote in the Council on the revision of the MFF raise concerns about the final result of the exercise. This paper explains how the ...
... Labor Organization’s Indigenous and Tribal People’s Convention 169 (“ILO 169”) and the Mexican Constitution. It concludes by arguing that in spite of this effort by the courts, Mexican law still requires ...
... of a social dimension of the EU requires innovative methods for the regulation of new economic governance.  ...
The article explores the present role of the ECB in European economic governance and point at the required steps to make such governance effective in tackling the challenges of the Eurozone and of the ...
... economic governance requirements and the Lisbon Agenda ...
... what? This paper argues that the principle of subsidiarity is one of the key components of a system of multilevel governance. Subsidiarity is commonly assumed to require power to reside ‘as close to those ...
... freedoms, the conditions for granting them were unclear, as were the requirements to which respondents had to attune to. In that context, judges played a crucial role in attempting to define the scope ...
... at stake with uncertain scenarios. The need to rationalise such precautionary protection requires regulatory instruments that take into account the very nature of disaster risks (low probability, high ...
... for which the internal co-decision procedure is required.The international role of EP is thus gradually accepted in the academic literature. In this line, the aim of the paper is to provide empirical ...
... the laws and mechanisms through which the constitutional requirements for participation are accomplished. Municipalities, the authority closest to citizens, are the best level of government since they ...
The increasing complexity of our society requires mechanisms of democratic innovation that enrich the system of representative democracy to increase citizens’ knowledge and experiences, thus improving ...
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